Lightest football Essay Example for Free

Lightest football Essay I have chosen to focus on just one of the sports manufacturers Nike, for two reasons. 1. Nike is arguably the fore runner in the technological developments of most sports football being one. 2. There is little deviation between the finished products and their properties regardless of the manufacturer and with Nike being the largest of all the sports brands, it seems logical to focus on them. Shirt Nike cool motion shirt (image 1)   Two layers lighter than one   Inner shirt wicks moisture. Outer shirt has vents and water resistant properties   Luminous colouring makes visibility improved under floodlights Boots Nike vapour boots (image 2)   Lightest football boot around built for speed Soft ground 194 g Firm ground 202 g   Sprint spike stud configuration   Ultra thin synthetic for `feel` of the ball Ball Nike mercurial vapour ball (image 3). Synthetically made strength and durability in all conditions   Low water retention keeps shape and weight  Ã‚  2% more deviation in flight leading to harder shots, therefore more spectacular goals   Special small sided games version in metallic silver higher visibility Protection Nike vapour guards (image 4) Lightweight again built for speed   Anatomically shaped providing optimum fit   Wicking inner layer Nike Kracken gloves (image 5) 4mm thick grip durability and shock absorption in all conditions   curved grip for easier catching of the ball   wicking inner layer Headers` padded head band (image 6). reduces shock to the brain   reduces risk of concussions   reduces risk of onset of post game illnesses directly associated with brain trauma (i. e. Parkinsons) Stadia After the Hillsborough disaster of 1989 and a series of other crowd related tragedies (Heysel 1985, Bradford fires) there was a need to drastically improve the stadia across the world. The Taylor report deemed that all top division clubs must have all seater stadiums, with restrictions placed on those without. Similar guidelines were introduced and applied with lower league clubs, where although all-seater stadiums were not compulsory, the safety of each stadium must pass stringent checks. There have been cases especially highlighted in the conference league where upon a club has been promoted, only to be demoted back to the same league immediately because their ground or stadium did not meet safety regulations. The recent world cup in Japan/Korea highlighted the new breed of `super stadia`, where spectators can rely upon space age technology to enjoy watching in safety and comfort. (Image 7) Television Due to the ever increasing demand to watch football, and sometimes the increasing price to do so, the needs of the spectator, whether at home or at the stadium remain almost the same. Television, has pumped money into many clubs, and very nearly ruined many others. (the collapse of ITV digital bankrupted some smaller clubs)   Television runs football date and times of kick off are directly effected by television companies The majority of money involved is directly to do with television TV rights, pay-per-view   Some clubs cannot survive without TV. money. Football and television have become co-dependent Conclusion   advancements are geared towards providing more of a spectacle   speed of the game has increased more end to end action   balls/boots are benefiting the scoring of spectacular goals again more spectacle   Spectators watch games in more comfort at a price, some match tickets are no longer affordable.   Sport is run now like a business high risk for high rewards, and the rewards are getting that much greater Money essentially now runs the game.

Increasing Student Participation in College Organizations :: Business

Increasing Student Participation in College Organizations Student participation in the annual Business Society Haunted House is essential for the future of this great event. Penn State DuBois has nearly one thousand students attending classes, but on average only fifteen students volunteer their time each night over the five-day period. This presents a problem for the Business Society. If student participation continues to decrease, this event will only be a memory. During our search for possible solutions to this problem, we used several research tactics. These tactics included distributing a student survey on campus, conducting personal interviews with the co-advisors and officers to the Business Society, and also with students who were involved in past years. We also researched journal articles and made contact with department heads to show the significance of student involvement in on campus activities. If students are aware of their ability to be involved in the Haunted House, they are more likely to participate. One way to accomplish this is by increasing advertising on campus. If students are offered incentives for participating, they will. Gift certificates from area businesses and free food will entice students to donate their time. Faculty involvement is crucial for the success of the Haunted House. Our findings indicated that students would volunteer if faculty offered class points to them for doing so. INTRODUCTION Background When Halloween rolls around it means ghosts, goblins, and scary creatures come to life. At Penn State DuBois it also means the annual Business Society’s Haunted House. The Haunted House is a smashing success every year, raising thousands of dollars for local charities. These charities include the Make-A-Wish Foundation, Habitat for Humanity, and the United Way (Muth). The Haunted House is a five-day event. There is a day of set-up that transforms the campus gymnasium into a spooky and frightening Halloween Haunted House. The completed Haunted House is then open to the public for three evenings. The fifth and final day is teardown, in which the gymnasium becomes recognizable again. Problem Description The same problem arises every year, lack of student participation. The lack of student volunteers is a continuous problem for all organizations, yet for the Haunted House it’s especially problematic. In a student survey conducted on the Penn State DuBois Campus, 88% of students said they were aware of the Haunted House; however, only 35% of students said they participated in it (Questionnaire).

B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber

As we look back our history, we have observed that there are various wars taking place amongst nations because of some reasons. One of these reasons might be terrorism attacks, just like what happened in 9/11 or territorial disagreements. And because of this perilous condition, governments that are under attacks really spend millions of dollars and look for means in order to invent a long-range strike aircraft to make sure that they will not be defeated in the combat and to secure the safety of its citizenry. But is it worth it? Is it right that our government spends bigger budget for the innovation of these combat aircrafts?It is believed that an innovative, long-range bomber force is significant for the security of the long-range national security of America. The current assessment shows that there is a specific amount of money that is intended for the combat aircraft. And for every dollar added and spent for the aircraft acquisition, the amount was taken from the fighter program. Every year, the government of United States of America spends $ 3 billion for the peacekeeping (see Spencer, Jack. â€Å"Achieving Balance in America’s Long-Range Strike Aircraft Capabilities†).This scenario would only shows that our government is spending a lot of money for our safety as citizens of the United States of America. In addition, our government allocates its own budget, funds from fighter program, for the innovation of B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber. One of these high-tech stealth aircrafts is the B-2 Spirit Bomber. The B-2 Spirit, created by the Northrop Grunman, is a multi-role stealth aircraft or a fighter plane that is capable of dropping conventional and nuclear munitions. The B-2 is very costly and expensive plane compared to any fighter plane.It was estimated that the costs of each aircraft will range from USD 1. 157 billion up to USD 2. 2 billion. The stealth technology was invented in order to help the aircraft infiltrate defense force previously impas sable by combat aircraft. During the last part of 1980s, the innovative procurement of 135 combat aircraft was subsequently reduced. President George H. W. Bush, during in his 1992 State of the Union speech, promulgated that the total B-2 production will be reduced to 20 aircraft but subsequently added 1 by â€Å"refurbishing a test aircraft† (see â€Å"B-2 Spirit†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.November 16, 2006). This would mean that the government of United States of America is anticipating any attack because it is preparing innovative stealth aircraft. The intents of this paper are to: (1) understand what B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber really is; (2) know about its mission and; (3) learn about the benefits of stealth aircraft designs. II. Background A. B-2 Spirit Stealth Bombers As mentioned earlier that B-2 spirit stealth bomber is capable of dropping conventional and nuclear weapons. Its stealth has the capacity to infiltrate the enemy’s most high-tech and a dvanced defenses.Moreover, Northrop Grumman is the first and major contractor for the US Air Force B-2 Spirit Bomber. The B-2 is characterized as â€Å"low-observable, strategic, long-range, heavy bomber† that is able to infiltrate advanced defenses. It is able and efficient of â€Å"all-altitude† attack missions. Its distinct profile originates from the distinctive ‘flying wing’ construction (see â€Å"B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber, USA†). Its capacity to infiltrate air defenses and threaten efficient retaliation gives an efficient deterrent during the 21st century.The B-2 development program was started in 1981and the Air force was approved in 1987 to start obtaining of 132 operational b-2 aircraft, mainly for strategic and planned bombing missions. With the downfall of the Soviet Union, the operational emphasis of B-2 development was altered to conventional operations and the quantity was decreased to 20 operational aircraft and later added one more which served as test aircraft. In November 22, 1988, the first B-2 spirit stealth bomber was publicly exhibited when it rolled out at Air Force Plant 42, Palmdale, California. The initial flight took place in 1989 of July 17.Moreover, the B-2’s sole operational base is the Whiteman AFB, Mo. The Spirit of Missouri, the first aircraft, was produced in 1993 of December 17. The Air Force contractor support is responsible for depot maintenance of the B-2 and is supervised at the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center at Tinker AFB, Okla. The major contractor, which is responsible for every system design and integration, is the Aircraft Systems Division of Northrop Grumman. The General Electric Aircraft Engine, Hughes Radar Systems group and Boeing Military Airplanes Co. are the prime members of the aircraft contractor team.In addition, Hughes Training Inc. (HTI) is another prime contractor that is liable for aircrew training devices while Link Flight Simulation Corp. Northrop Grumman and its main subcontractor are liable for advancing and incorporating all maintenance training and aircrew programs (see â€Å"B-2 Spirit’. November 30, 1999). III. Discussion The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit is very good in beating an air defense of the enemy. The B-2 is able to fly higher than 6,000 nautical miles before fueling again- higher than 10,000 miles in one refueling- as it carries 40,000 pounds of weapons.This remarkable and incredible ability of B-2 provides aircraft the capability to fly on anyplace in the globe and transport a variety of munitions not more than 24 hours. Basically, the B-2’s design can be tracked down back to the â€Å"flying wing designs† of Jack Northrop in 1940s. The integrated computer systems of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber include more than 130 computers and approximately estimated up to â€Å"2 million lines of software code†. The B-2’s stealth would mean that the aircraft does not require an armada of suppo rt aircraft in order to achieve a mission (see â€Å"United States Air force†.2003). A. Its mission The B-2 Spirit â€Å"is a multi-role bomber capable of delivering both conventional and nuclear munitions†. An intense increase in technology, the bomber exemplifies a major indicator and an achievement in the U. S. bomber innovation program. The B-2 produces â€Å"massive firepower† to display, in awhile, anyplace on the world that is impassable defenses (see â€Å"B-2 Spirit†. June 2006). B. Benefits of stealth aircraft designs Stealth craft has been made to â€Å"absorb and deflect radar†- through stealth technology.These are not totally indistinguishable to radar; they are merely difficult to notice than conventional technology. Generally, the objective is to let a stealth aircraft to carry out its attack â€Å"while still outside the ability of the opposing system’s detection† (see â€Å"Stealth Aircraft†. Wikipedia, the fre e encyclopedia. November 4, 2006). In other words, the design of stealth bomber is capable in attacking an enemy’s defense without its system’s awareness. Stealth aircraft designs have several benefits but only two are enlisted below and these are as follows:?Raids on significant point targets, at the same time maintain a cover of plausible denial. Since the attack could not be identified, the stealth operator would basically refuse to say something and hope to keep away from war (see â€Å"Benefits of stealth aircraft designs†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. November 14 2006). This would mean that stealth operator is trying to control the situation by not saying anything in order to avoid war. ? â€Å"Stationing stealth aircraft in a friendly country is a powerful diplomatic gesture.It emphasizes close relations between the allies and expresses high confidence in their governments and competence of security services, as stealth planes incorporate high techn ology and military secrets. The USA has stationed squadrons of F-117 Nighthawks in Britain† (see â€Å"Benefits of stealth aircraft designs†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. November 14 2006). In other words that if the stealth aircraft is stationed to a particular country, an ally country, it develops a good relationship amongst allies and shows trust in its government’s governance. IV. ConclusionThe B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber is a great help in our combatants. It is an advanced technology that totally helps the combatants to attack the enemy without any trace of detection. In 1981, the B-2 bomber started in the military’s secret-black budget. The Pentagon needed 132 planes but since there was no time anymore and the Soviet Union already failed, several members of the Congress started to be skeptical regarding the need for the B-2s. B-2 bombers are considered as the second generation stealth which was composed of carbon-graphite composites is not heavy a s the aluminum but more durable than steel.In November 22, 1988, Northrop and the Air Force rolled out the B-2 stealth Bomber in Palmdale, California. References 1. Spencer, Jack. â€Å"Achieving Balance in America’s Long-Range Strike Aircraft Capabilities†. http://www. heritage. org/Research/NationalSecurity/BG1706. cfm 2. â€Å"B-2 Spirit†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. November 16, 2006. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/B-2_Spirit 3. â€Å"B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber, USA†. http://www. airforce-technology. com/projects/b2/ 4. â€Å"Benefits of stealth aircraft designs†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.November 14 2006. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stealth_aircraft#Benefits_of_stealth_aircraft_designs 5. â€Å"B-2 Spirit’. November 30, 1999. http://www. fas. org/nuke/guide/usa/bomber/b-2. htm 6. â€Å"B-2 Spirit†. June 2006. http://www. af. mil/factsheets/factsheet. asp? fsID=82 7. â€Å"United States Air force†. 2003. ht tp://www. is. northropgrumman. com/products/usaf_products/b2/b2. html 8. â€Å"Stealth Aircraft†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. November 4, 2006. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stealth_aircraft#Benefits_of_stealth_aircraft_designs

Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths Essay

According to Gary Colombo â€Å"Beginning college can be disconcerting experience.† (Gary Colombo, p. 1). Colombo also writes about how it might be stressful for students being it’s their first time away from home and has to deal with the stress from the real world and having independence. Colombo also explains that students will have to use their brains when thinking Critically and thinking outside the box. Colombo mentions that â€Å"Culture shapes the way we think; it tells us what â€Å"makes sense† â€Å"(Colombo, p. 3). Colombo explains that â€Å"Beginning college can be disconcerting experience† (Colombo, p.1). That there will be more peer pressure from your peers and an increase expectations that you have never faced during your high†¦show more content†¦3). The society in North America has their own believes but a lot of people use television and media for a big influence. Colombo expresses that â€Å"Cultural Myths as Obstacles to C ritical Thinking† (Colombo, p.4). Cultural Myths will throw different obstacles in the mix, and put people in different categories: Either men or women, heterosexuals or homosexuals. As adults people worry more and care about different categories and when the adult was a child they do not care about the categories. Being a good critical thinker will give her a good opportunity in seeing the difference in the world. Colombo also questions the basis of Critical Thinking â€Å"By questioning the myths that dominate our culture, we can begin to resist the limits they impose on our vision† (Colombo, p. 6). Colombo also states â€Å"because cultural myths serve such large and varied needs, they’re not always coherent or consistent† (Colombo, p. 6) With the basis of Critical Thinking is the â€Å"learning to recognize contradictions lies at the very heart of Critical thinking† (Colombo, p. 6). I agree that there is a lot of peer pressure in college from your peers and other influences. 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Aside from the challenges of fragmenting audiences and the impact of new technologiesRead MoreLiterary Review of Sexuality and Gender in Science Fiction Literature3057 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"feminist SF is not simply SF about women; it is SF written in the interests of women† (128). In other words feminist SF is an effective and powerful means for feminist visio nary developments that are crucial for the initial attempts to embark on the cultural and social changes that are the goals for the feminist political enterprise. Hollinger discusses Le Guin’s view that feminist SF doesn’t prophecy the future but it refers to the world as it is. This is interesting because it emphasises this idea